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Langshisha Ri Peak Climbing is an adventurous Himalayan expedition that combines the cultural richness of the Langtang Valley with the challenge of climbing a 6,427-meter mountain. Organized by Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks, this journey takes climbers from the lower hills and traditional Tamang settlements into remote alpine landscapes, glacial terrain, high camps, and the dramatic summit environment of Langshisha Ri.
The expedition is much more than a summit attempt. The approach trail passes through forests, mountain villages, yak pastures, rivers, monasteries, meadows, and spectacular Himalayan viewpoints. One of the major highlights is the stay at Kyanjin Gompa, where climbers can explore the surrounding valley and undertake an acclimatization excursion toward Tserko Ri, around 5,000m.
Langshisha Ri is intended for adventurous trekkers and climbers who want to progress beyond ordinary trekking routes. The mountain requires strong physical endurance and preparation for steep snow, glaciated terrain, crevasses, rocky sections, and changing mountain conditions. Previous experience with crampons, an ice axe, ropes, harnesses, and other climbing equipment is highly beneficial. Pre-ascent training at base camp helps participants become familiar with the equipment and techniques required for the climb.
Langshisha Ri is situated in the magnificent Langtang region of Nepal. The expedition begins with a journey from Kathmandu toward the Langtang Valley and gradually enters higher mountain terrain. As the elevation increases, the landscape changes from green forests and villages to alpine meadows, rugged slopes, snow-covered mountains, and glacial surroundings.
The approach to the mountain is itself an important part of the adventure. The trail introduces you to traditional settlements and the lifestyle of communities living in the Himalayan environment. The Langtang Valley is particularly well known for its Tamang cultural heritage, Buddhist traditions, monasteries, prayer flags, stone houses, and mountain hospitality.
After reaching Kyanjin Gompa, climbers spend valuable time acclimatizing before moving toward the Langshisha Ri Base Camp. The itinerary includes time for the body to adjust to altitude and for the climbing team to prepare equipment and techniques. The source material also emphasizes that a separate acclimatization day is incorporated because ascending too rapidly increases the risk of altitude sickness.
From the higher camps, the expedition becomes increasingly alpine. Depending on conditions, climbers may encounter snow slopes, rocky moraines, crevassed terrain, and steep sections where ropes and technical climbing equipment are required. The final ascent demands concentration, stamina, teamwork, and careful decision-making.
One of the most rewarding elements of the expedition is the journey through Langtang Valley. The trail follows the Langtang River and passes through forests dominated by Himalayan vegetation before reaching increasingly open mountain landscapes.
Kyanjin Gompa, situated at approximately 3,800m, is the principal settlement and acclimatization base in the upper Langtang Valley. Here, climbers have an opportunity to experience the Buddhist atmosphere of the region while enjoying magnificent views of surrounding mountains.
The area around Kyanjin is also ideal for acclimatization walks. A hike toward Tserko Ri provides a challenging high-altitude excursion and an opportunity to observe the surrounding peaks from a higher viewpoint. Rather than rushing directly toward the climbing objective, Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks emphasizes gradual altitude gain, preparation, and appropriate rest.
The upper valley contains a remarkable mixture of snow ridges, streams, alpine meadows, small mountain lakes, glaciers, and dramatic peaks. Yak herds can often be seen grazing in suitable pasture areas, while traditional stone walls reflect the longstanding agricultural practices of Himalayan communities.
The expedition follows the general approach from Kathmandu toward Syabrubesi, followed by trekking through the Langtang Valley toward Lama Hotel, Langtang Village, and Kyanjin Gompa. After acclimatization around Kyanjin, the climbing team heads toward the Langshisha Ri Base Camp and subsequently establishes higher camps as required by the mountain conditions.
The original itinerary information describes a journey of approximately 17 days, although the exact schedule can be adjusted according to weather, climbing conditions, group experience, and acclimatization requirements.
The lower section of the route is primarily a trekking experience. The higher section becomes an expedition requiring camping equipment and specialized climbing gear. The transition from comfortable mountain lodges to remote camping makes the journey increasingly demanding.
Our local team understands the route and the changing environment of the Langtang region. Guides and porters support the expedition while climbers carry their personal day-to-day equipment and technical gear according to the team's arrangements.
Langshisha Ri is not simply a high-altitude hiking objective. Climbers should arrive physically prepared for long days, steep ascents, cold temperatures, and demanding terrain.
The source material notes that the mountain requires substantial endurance and recommends familiarity with climbing equipment. Pre-ascent training at Langshisha Ri Base Camp can include practical use of ropes, ice axes, harnesses, and crampons.
For this reason, climbers should prepare well before arriving in Nepal. Cardiovascular training, long-distance walking, uphill hiking, strength exercises, and previous exposure to high-altitude environments can all be useful preparation.
Technical ability is equally important. Participants should be comfortable learning and using climbing equipment under the supervision of the expedition guide. Conditions on a high Himalayan peak can change rapidly, so climbers need patience, discipline, teamwork, and the ability to follow the instructions of the climbing leader.
Acclimatization is a central part of the Langshisha Ri expedition. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases and the body receives less available oxygen. A carefully designed itinerary therefore allows time for the body to adapt before moving to higher elevations.
Our expedition schedule incorporates acclimatization around Kyanjin Gompa and preparation before the summit attempt. The source material specifically recommends avoiding smoking and alcohol during the acclimatization process and notes that guides carry first-aid supplies and a pulse oximeter for monitoring oxygen saturation and heart rate.
If a climber develops symptoms of altitude illness, the priority is safety rather than continuing upward. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the climbing leader may recommend rest, monitoring, or descent to a lower elevation. An assistant guide can accompany a participant who needs to descend while the main team continues according to the established safety plan.
Accommodation varies according to altitude and location. In Kathmandu, guests stay in a standard or similar hotel on a bed-and-breakfast basis. During the trekking section, accommodation is generally provided in teahouses or guesthouses where available.
As the expedition moves deeper into the mountains, facilities become increasingly basic. Rooms at remote lodges can be simple, with basic beds and mattresses. Electricity, hot showers, internet, and charging facilities may be available in some places but generally involve additional charges.
During the climbing section, the team uses tents. Camping arrangements can include sleeping tents, a kitchen tent, dining arrangements, and toilet facilities. The climbing crew carries the necessary camping equipment and prepares meals at the camps.
Nutrition becomes particularly important during a high-altitude expedition. Our camping crew prepares meals designed to provide energy for long trekking and climbing days.
Typical trekking meals may include dal bhat, noodles, pasta, fried rice, momos, soups, Tibetan bread, pancakes, porridge, eggs, and toast. At higher camps, meals are planned according to the available supplies, cooking facilities, weather, and expedition requirements.
During camping, our staff members prepare and serve meals for the climbing group. The source material emphasizes providing a variety of foods to help climbers obtain the calories and nutrients required throughout the expedition.
A water purification method is recommended for treating available water. Bottled or boiled water may also be available in some areas, but personal hydration requirements should be considered carefully throughout the climb.
The success of a Himalayan expedition depends not only on the mountain but also on the people supporting the climbers. Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks provides experienced local trekking and climbing personnel familiar with the Langtang environment.
The source material describes guides and expedition staff as being selected for their knowledge of the local geography, environment, flora, fauna, and history, as well as their leadership and people-management abilities.
A porter is generally assigned for every two trekkers, with a stated maximum luggage arrangement of approximately 20kg total, or around 10kg per trekker. Larger groups can receive additional guide support.
Our climbing guide and Sherpa team provide assistance with route management, camp organization, equipment, climbing techniques, and safety procedures. Climbers must nevertheless remain responsible for their own preparation and follow the team's instructions throughout the expedition.
Langshisha Ri requires appropriate mountaineering equipment. Depending on route and conditions, essential equipment may include:
The source material specifically lists crampons, ice axe, helmet, harness, carabiners, rope, climbing bag, poles, tapes, prusik loops, rappel equipment, and other mountaineering equipment among the requirements.
Our team can provide group climbing equipment and selected expedition gear according to the package.
Travel insurance is essential for Langshisha Ri Peak Climbing. Climbers should purchase insurance that specifically covers the activities they intend to undertake and the maximum altitude of the expedition.
The policy should include emergency medical treatment, mountain rescue, helicopter evacuation, and repatriation where applicable. Travelers should carefully review exclusions and limitations before purchasing a policy.
Participants are ultimately responsible for understanding their insurance coverage and any costs that may arise from medical treatment, evacuation, or repatriation. In an emergency, rescue arrangements may need to be initiated quickly, depending on the circumstances.
Weather plays an important role in every Himalayan climbing expedition. Clear skies, stable conditions, visibility, snowfall, wind, and temperature can all influence the climbing schedule.
Spring and autumn are generally considered suitable periods for Himalayan trekking and climbing, while the exact climbing window depends on current mountain conditions. Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks can discuss the preferred dates and design the expedition around the group's schedule.
Because mountain weather can change unexpectedly, the itinerary should always retain some flexibility. The source material also emphasizes checking weather conditions and preparing clothing and equipment accordingly.
The Langshisha Ri expedition reaches high elevations where temperatures can become extremely cold. Climbers should therefore bring a suitable layering system.
Recommended clothing includes a sun hat, warm hat, headscarf or buff, balaclava, thermal base layers, fleece layers, waterproof outer clothing, warm gloves, trekking shoes, and mountaineering boots.
A warm sleeping bag and insulated down jacket are particularly important for the camping and climbing sections. The source material recommends bringing sufficient clothing for the journey because laundry facilities are not available along the remote sections of the route.
Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks places importance on protecting the natural environment of the Langtang region. Climbers and trekkers are encouraged to minimize plastic use, manage waste responsibly, and avoid unnecessary environmental contamination.
The expedition team works to carry waste away from remote mountain areas and supports responsible travel practices. Visitors are encouraged to respect local communities, wildlife, forests, water sources, monasteries, and cultural sites.
Responsible trekking helps preserve the Langtang Valley for future generations while also supporting local communities whose livelihoods depend on tourism.
The cost of Langshisha Ri Peak Climbing depends on the group size, itinerary, services selected, climbing arrangements, transportation, accommodation, permits, staff requirements, and equipment.
Joining a group can reduce the individual cost because transportation, guides, porters, camping logistics, and other expedition expenses can be shared. Private expeditions provide greater flexibility but may have higher per-person costs because fewer participants share the operating expenses.
Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks can tailor the expedition according to the client's preferred duration, group size, services, and climbing requirements.
Langshisha Ri Peak Climbing requires careful organization from the first day in Kathmandu through the trekking approach, acclimatization, base-camp preparation, summit attempt, and return journey. Our local team provides logistical support while allowing climbers to concentrate on preparation and the mountain experience.
We can arrange private or group expeditions, flexible itineraries, local guides, porters, climbing staff, transportation, accommodation, permits, camping logistics, and climbing equipment according to the requirements of the expedition.
The Langshisha Ri journey is an opportunity to experience the Langtang Valley at a deeper level—from traditional Tamang villages and Buddhist monasteries to yak pastures, glaciers, high mountain camps, and a challenging Himalayan summit.
Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks welcomes experienced and well-prepared adventurers to explore Langtang and take on the challenge of Langshisha Ri at 6,427 meters. Contact our local expedition team to customize your climbing itinerary, group size, services, and duration according to your climbing goals.
Elevation: 1,350m
Distance: Approximately 6 km airport to hotel
Meals: Breakfast
Accommodation: Hotel
Welcome to Nepal! Upon your arrival at Tribhuvan International Airport, a representative from Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks will meet you outside the terminal. You will receive a traditional Nepali welcome, followed by a comfortable private transfer to your hotel in Thamel, Kathmandu.
During the drive, your representative will provide a brief introduction to Nepal, Kathmandu, your trekking route, and important information about the Langshisha Ri Peak climbing adventure. Once you reach the hotel, you can check in and take some time to relax after your international journey.
If your arrival time permits, you may explore the lively streets of Thamel, browse traditional handicrafts and trekking shops, or enjoy a relaxed walk around the neighborhood. Your climbing guide can also meet you to check your trekking and climbing equipment and discuss the itinerary.
The evening can be spent enjoying a welcome dinner and experiencing Nepalese hospitality. Overnight at a comfortable hotel in Kathmandu.
Highlights: Traditional Nepali welcome, Kathmandu Valley, Thamel exploration, trek briefing and equipment preparation.
Elevation: 1,503m
Distance: Approximately 145–150 km by road
Driving Time: 7–9 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
After breakfast, your guide will pick you up from the hotel and accompany you to the transportation point for the journey toward Syabrubesi, the gateway to the Langtang region.
The drive gradually leaves the busy Kathmandu Valley behind and enters Nepal's beautiful middle hills. The road follows winding mountain sections, terraced farmland, traditional villages and forested hills. As you approach the Langtang region, the scenery becomes increasingly dramatic.
Depending on road conditions, the journey may include paved and rough mountain sections. We will make appropriate stops along the way for refreshments and lunch. You will see rivers flowing through deep valleys and impressive green hills surrounding the road.
After several hours of scenic driving, we reach Syabrubesi, a lively mountain settlement beside the Bhote Koshi and Langtang river systems. Your guide will help you check into the lodge and prepare for the first trekking day.
Highlights: Himalayan countryside, terraced fields, mountain villages, river valleys and scenic mountain roads.
Elevation: 2,500m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 11–12 km
Walking Time: 5–6 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
After breakfast, we begin our first walking day toward Lama Hotel. The trail starts by crossing a suspension bridge before gradually entering the beautiful forested landscape of the Langtang Valley.
The route passes through small settlements and follows the Langtang Khola. Along the way, you will encounter lush forests containing oak, rhododendron, bamboo and pine trees. The sound of flowing water and birds accompanies us through much of the journey.
We pass areas such as Pahiro and Bamboo, where we can stop for lunch. After Bamboo, the trail continues through dense woodland and crosses several small streams and waterfalls. The path gradually climbs toward Rimche before continuing to Lama Hotel.
As the altitude increases, the surrounding vegetation begins to change. Keep a steady pace and allow your body to adapt naturally to the increasing elevation.
We arrive at Lama Hotel in the afternoon and check into our lodge. The evening is ideal for relaxing, enjoying dinner and preparing for the next day's journey deeper into Langtang Valley.
Highlights: Suspension bridges, Langtang Khola, bamboo and rhododendron forests, waterfalls and peaceful mountain surroundings.
Elevation: 3,430m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 14 km
Walking Time: 6–7 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
Today we continue deeper into the Langtang Valley. After breakfast, the trail follows the Langtang Khola through beautiful forest before gradually climbing toward higher mountain settlements.
We pass through areas such as Gumanchok and Ghodetabela. The forest gradually becomes thinner as we gain altitude, and spectacular mountain scenery begins to appear between the trees.
Ghodetabela is an excellent place for a lunch break. After lunch, we continue through open alpine landscapes toward Thangshyap and onward to Langtang Village.
Langtang Village has a powerful history and was severely affected by the 2015 earthquake. Today, the community has rebuilt much of the settlement and continues to welcome trekkers. The village provides an opportunity to observe local Tamang culture, traditional architecture and the resilient mountain community.
Upon arrival, we settle into our lodge and enjoy views of the surrounding Himalayan landscape.
Highlights: Alpine forest, mountain views, Ghodetabela, Tamang culture, Langtang Valley scenery and historic Langtang Village.
Elevation: 3,830m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 6–7 km
Walking Time: 3–4 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
Today is a relatively short but important trekking day as we approach Kyanjin Gompa, our main acclimatization base.
After breakfast, we follow the trail through beautiful mountain scenery. The route passes through smaller settlements including Mundu and gradually enters the higher alpine zone.
As we continue, the views become increasingly spectacular, with snow-covered peaks surrounding the valley. The trail is generally comfortable, giving us plenty of time to walk slowly and enjoy the scenery.
After several hours, we reach Kyanjin Gompa at approximately 3,830 meters. This remarkable mountain settlement is surrounded by some of the Langtang region's most impressive peaks.
After checking into our lodge, we can explore the village, visit the traditional monastery and enjoy views of Langtang Lirung and neighboring mountains.
Highlights: Kyanjin Gompa, Langtang Lirung views, alpine landscape, traditional monastery and mountain settlement.
Elevation: 3,830m
Hiking Distance: Approximately 5–8 km, depending on exploration
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
Today is dedicated to acclimatization and exploration. Spending an additional night at Kyanjin Gompa helps your body adjust to the increasing altitude before we move toward Langshisha Kharka and the climbing area.
After breakfast, we take a gradual hike around the surrounding hills and viewpoints. Depending on weather, fitness and group conditions, your guide may select a suitable viewpoint for a short acclimatization climb.
Kyanjin is famous for its traditional monastery, yak pastures and local cheese production. You can visit a yak cheese factory and taste locally produced cheese. The village's popular apple-based desserts are also worth trying.
The surrounding mountains provide magnificent photographic opportunities. In clear weather, you can see Langtang Lirung and other impressive Himalayan peaks.
After returning to the lodge, we have time to rest, organize climbing equipment and discuss the upcoming camping section with the climbing guide.
Highlights: Acclimatization hike, Kyanjin Gompa, yak cheese factory, mountain views, local culture and climbing preparation.
Elevation: 4,185m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 11–12 km
Walking Time: 5–6 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Camping
We leave Kyanjin Gompa after breakfast and enter the remote and spectacular Langshisha Valley. The trail gradually follows the upper valley toward Langshisha Kharka.
Compared with the lower Langtang Valley, the landscape is increasingly rugged and alpine. Trees become scarce, while open pastures, rocky slopes and glacial landscapes dominate the surroundings.
The trail provides wonderful views of Langtang Lirung and other snow-covered Himalayan peaks. We walk at a steady pace because the elevation is now above 4,000 meters.
After several hours, we reach Langshisha Kharka, a beautiful high-altitude pasture surrounded by dramatic Himalayan scenery. Our crew will establish the camp, prepare meals and arrange the tents.
After settling into camp, you can take a short walk around the nearby area if conditions permit. The evening is spent enjoying a warm dinner and resting for the next stage of the climb.
Highlights: Remote Langshisha Valley, high-altitude pasture, spectacular Himalayan panorama, alpine terrain and first night of camping.
Elevation: Approximately 4,600m–4,800m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 6–8 km
Walking Time: 4–5 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Camping
Today we leave Langshisha Kharka and move toward the Langshisha Ri climbing base camp. The landscape becomes increasingly rocky, barren and distinctly alpine.
After breakfast, we begin a gradual ascent over rugged terrain. The vegetation becomes sparse, and the surrounding peaks appear closer and more imposing. The route requires careful footing, particularly over loose rocks and uneven ground.
As we gain altitude, the views toward Langtang Lirung and surrounding Himalayan peaks become increasingly impressive. Our experienced climbing guide will maintain a comfortable pace and monitor everyone for signs of altitude-related difficulties.
We reach the Langshisha Ri Base Camp and establish our tented camp. The remainder of the afternoon is reserved for rest, hydration and preparation.
The climbing team will inspect equipment and explain the following day's route and safety procedures.
Highlights: High Himalayan wilderness, rocky alpine terrain, Langtang Lirung views, remote base camp and climbing orientation.
Elevation: Approximately 5,000m–5,300m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 4–6 km
Walking Time: 4–6 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Camping
Today we move from base camp to the Langshisha Ri High Camp. The route is shorter in distance but considerably more demanding because of the altitude and rugged terrain.
We begin after breakfast and follow the climbing guide through increasingly rocky and exposed terrain. Depending on the season and current mountain conditions, snow and ice may be present on sections of the route.
Our climbing guide will select the safest available route and demonstrate appropriate techniques for walking on difficult terrain. Depending on conditions, technical climbing equipment such as crampons, ropes and an ice axe may be required.
After reaching High Camp, the climbing crew will establish the tents and prepare a warm meal. We will review the summit plan, equipment and weather conditions for the following day's attempt.
An early dinner and sufficient rest are essential because the summit day will begin before sunrise.
Highlights: High-altitude climbing terrain, snow and ice conditions where present, panoramic Himalayan views and summit preparation.
Elevation: Approximately 5,000m–5,300m
Distance: Short acclimatization walk as appropriate
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Camping
We spend an additional day at High Camp to allow further acclimatization and prepare carefully for the summit attempt.
The day begins with breakfast and a health check by the climbing guide. Rather than undertaking a strenuous hike, we take a short acclimatization walk around the camp when weather and terrain conditions allow.
The climbing team will inspect ropes, crampons, ice axes, harnesses and other equipment. Your guide will explain the summit route, climbing techniques, rope procedures and emergency arrangements.
This is also an opportunity to observe the surrounding mountains in detail. The high-altitude environment provides extraordinary views across the Langtang region.
You should drink plenty of fluids, eat well and avoid unnecessary physical exertion. After an early dinner, we prepare our clothing and climbing equipment and go to bed early.
Highlights: Acclimatization, climbing skills briefing, equipment check, Himalayan sunset and summit preparation.
Elevation: Summit approximately 6,400m
Distance: Approximately 8–12 km round trip, depending on route and conditions
Walking/Climbing Time: Approximately 8–12 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Camping
Today is the main objective of our expedition—the Langshisha Ri summit attempt.
We wake very early, usually before sunrise, and begin climbing after a light breakfast and hot drink. The exact starting time depends on weather, route conditions and the climbing guide's assessment.
The ascent can involve snow, ice, rock and steep sections depending on seasonal conditions. We move carefully under the supervision of our experienced climbing guide, maintaining a steady pace and taking appropriate breaks.
As daylight arrives, the Himalayan panorama becomes increasingly spectacular. From higher elevations, the views extend toward Langtang Lirung, Ganchenpo, Dorje Lakpa, Shishapangma and numerous surrounding peaks.
Reaching the summit provides an unforgettable sense of achievement and a magnificent Himalayan panorama. We spend only an appropriate amount of time at the summit before beginning our descent.
After returning to High Camp, we continue toward Base Camp as conditions and energy levels permit. Once at camp, a warm meal and well-earned rest await.
Highlights: Pre-dawn summit start, Himalayan sunrise, Langshisha Ri summit, panoramic mountain views and descent to Base Camp.
*Summit elevation and climbing route should be confirmed according to the officially approved route and current expedition conditions.
Elevation: 3,830m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 12–15 km
Walking Time: 5–7 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
After the demanding summit day, we begin our descent toward Kyanjin Gompa. Descending to a lower altitude allows the body to recover after spending time at high elevation.
We retrace our route through the rugged landscape toward Langshisha Kharka. The scenery looks different while descending, and there are numerous opportunities to stop and photograph the surrounding peaks.
From Langshisha Kharka, we continue toward the familiar trail leading to Kyanjin Gompa. The gradual descent becomes more comfortable as the altitude decreases.
Upon reaching Kyanjin, we check into a lodge and enjoy a hot meal. If available, you can take a warm shower and relax after several days of camping and climbing.
The evening is a wonderful opportunity to celebrate the expedition with the climbing crew while enjoying the peaceful mountain surroundings.
Highlights: Descent from the climbing area, alpine scenery, Langshisha Kharka, return to Kyanjin Gompa and post-climb relaxation.
Elevation: 2,500m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 21 km
Walking Time: 6–8 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
Today we retrace the Langtang Valley trail toward Lama Hotel. Since most of the route is downhill, the walking becomes easier, although the distance is relatively long.
We pass through Mundu and Langtang Village before continuing toward Thangshyap and Ghodetabela. The landscape gradually changes from alpine terrain to dense Himalayan forest.
We stop at a suitable settlement for lunch before continuing downhill. Along the trail, you can enjoy views of waterfalls, mountain streams and lush forests.
As we descend, the warmer temperatures and thicker vegetation provide a noticeable contrast to the high-altitude environment around Langshisha Ri.
After several hours of walking, we reach Lama Hotel. Check into the lodge, enjoy dinner and rest after the long descent.
Highlights: Long scenic descent, Langtang villages, waterfalls, rhododendron forest and changing Himalayan landscapes.
Elevation: 1,503m
Trekking Distance: Approximately 11–12 km
Walking Time: 5–6 hours
Meals: Breakfast, Lunch & Dinner
Accommodation: Lodge
Our final trekking day takes us from Lama Hotel back to Syabrubesi.
After breakfast, we descend through the beautiful forest along the Langtang Khola. The trail includes several suspension bridges, waterfalls and peaceful forest sections.
We continue toward Bamboo, where we can stop for lunch. After lunch, the route gradually descends toward lower elevations.
As we approach Syabrubesi, the terrain becomes warmer and greener. Reaching the village marks the completion of our trekking and climbing route.
In the evening, we celebrate the successful completion of the Langshisha Ri adventure with the trekking crew. Overnight at a comfortable lodge in Syabrubesi.
Highlights: Forest trails, suspension bridges, waterfalls, Langtang Khola and completion of the trekking section.
Elevation: 1,350m
Driving Distance: Approximately 145–150 km
Driving Time: 7–9 hours
Meals: Breakfast & Lunch
Accommodation: Hotel
After breakfast, we begin our scenic drive from Syabrubesi back to Kathmandu.
The road follows the mountain valleys and gradually descends toward the lower hills. Along the way, we pass traditional villages, terraced farmland, rivers, forests and roadside settlements.
We stop along the route for lunch and refreshments before continuing toward Kathmandu. After arriving in the Kathmandu Valley, our representative will transfer you to your hotel.
The remainder of the day is free. You may relax at the hotel or explore Thamel for souvenirs, traditional handicrafts, trekking equipment and Nepalese gifts.
In the evening, you can enjoy a farewell dinner and reflect on your Langtang Valley and Langshisha Ri adventure.
Highlights: Scenic Himalayan drive, mountain villages, terraced farmland, Kathmandu return and souvenir shopping.
Elevation: 1,350m
Distance: Approximately 6 km to Tribhuvan International Airport
Meals: Breakfast
Your Langshisha Ri Peak Climbing adventure officially comes to an end today.
Depending on your international flight schedule, enjoy your final breakfast at the hotel and spend some free time in Kathmandu. Our representative from Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks will arrange your airport transfer and take you to Tribhuvan International Airport in time for your departure.
We hope your journey through the Langtang Valley and your Langshisha Ri climbing experience will remain a memorable part of your time in Nepal.
Highlights: Final breakfast, farewell to Nepal, airport transfer and onward international journey.
End of Langshisha Ri Peak Climbing – 16 Days with Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks.
Langsisa Ri, also spelled Langshisha Ri, is a spectacular high-altitude climbing peak in the northern part of Nepal’s Langtang region, within Langtang National Park. Rising to approximately 6,427 meters (21,086 feet), the mountain provides an exciting combination of Himalayan trekking, remote wilderness, high-altitude camping, glacier travel, and technical mountaineering.
Located approximately 175 km north of Kathmandu, Langsisa Ri is particularly attractive to experienced mountaineers who want to move beyond ordinary trekking and experience a more serious Himalayan climbing environment. The expedition requires appropriate acclimatization, physical preparation, technical climbing knowledge, suitable equipment, and experienced mountain guides. Depending on conditions, climbers may encounter snow, ice, exposed terrain, steep sections, fixed ropes, and glaciated landscapes.
The journey is not only about reaching the summit. The approach through Syabrubesi, Lama Hotel, Langtang Village, and Kyanjin Gompa introduces climbers to the remarkable landscapes and culture of the Langtang Valley. From Kyanjin Gompa, the surrounding mountains become increasingly dramatic, with views toward Langtang Lirung, Dorje Lakpa, Naya Kanga, Yala Peak, Ganesh Himal, and the Tibetan Himalaya, including Shishapangma.
At Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks, we can organize Langsisa Ri climbing with experienced local climbing guides, Sherpa support, transportation, accommodation, camping logistics, permits, meals, climbing equipment support, and expedition arrangements according to the size and requirements of the climbing group.
| Trip Information | Details |
|---|---|
| Peak | Langsisa Ri / Langshisha Ri |
| Elevation | 6,427m |
| Location | Langtang Region, northern Nepal |
| Protected Area | Langtang National Park |
| Approx. Distance from Kathmandu | 175 km north |
| Route | Western Ridge |
| Grade | Mountaineering Grade IV |
| Group Size | 2–15 people |
| Best Seasons | Spring: March–May; Autumn: September–November |
| Accommodation | Hotels, lodges and tented camps |
| Transportation | Bus/shared jeep/private 4WD |
| Main Trekking Hub | Kyanjin Gompa |
| Climbing Base | Langsisa Ri Base Camp |
| Climbing Style | Supported alpine/technical expedition |
| Major Highlights | Langtang Valley, Kyanjin Gompa, Langshisha Kharka, Tsergo Ri, glaciers and Himalayan panorama |
The source material describes Langsisa Ri as a technically challenging expedition peak and identifies the route as the Western Ridge, with a Mountaineering IV grade.
Langsisa Ri offers a different Himalayan experience from Nepal’s more heavily visited trekking routes. The approach takes climbers through the beautiful Langtang Valley before continuing into a more remote high-mountain environment.
One of the major attractions is the gradual transition from traditional mountain villages and forest trails to alpine terrain. The journey begins at a relatively low elevation and progressively climbs toward Kyanjin Gompa and the Langsisa area. This gradual progression is valuable for acclimatization while also allowing climbers to experience the changing landscape.
The mountain is particularly suitable for climbers looking for:
Because Langsisa Ri is described as a Mountaineering IV peak, it should not be approached as an ordinary trekking peak. Previous mountaineering experience and the ability to operate safely with technical equipment are important considerations.
The Langsisa Ri expedition begins with an overland journey from Kathmandu toward Syabrubesi, the principal gateway to the Langtang Valley.
The journey is approximately 122 km to the Dhunche/Syabrubesi area, although actual travel time depends heavily on road and weather conditions. Public or deluxe buses and shared jeeps generally depart from the Machhapokhari/New Buspark area in Kathmandu. The source information indicates approximate travel times of 4–5 hours to Dhunche and 5–7 hours to Syabrubesi, while private 4WD transportation provides greater flexibility for small groups.
The road initially passes through the hills north of Kathmandu and follows the Trishuli corridor. As the journey approaches Dhunche and Syabrubesi, the road becomes rougher in sections.
For climbing expeditions, Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks can arrange transportation according to group size. A private jeep or 4WD is particularly useful for small groups that want flexibility regarding departure time, luggage, climbing equipment and stops along the way.
The approach trek is an important part of the Langsisa Ri expedition. Rather than traveling immediately into a high-altitude climbing environment, climbers gradually gain elevation while walking through the Langtang Valley.
The route passes through traditional settlements including:
Syabrubesi → Lama Hotel → Langtang Village → Kyanjin Gompa → Langshisha Kharka → Langsisa Ri Base Camp
The lower section of the trail features forests, rivers, bridges and mountain villages. As the trail rises, the vegetation gradually becomes thinner and the landscape becomes increasingly alpine.
The trek toward Langtang Village generally takes around 5–6 hours according to the supplied itinerary material. The following section toward Kyanjin Gompa at approximately 3,900m takes around three hours.
This progressive approach provides an opportunity for the climbing team to monitor acclimatization and physical condition before entering the more demanding climbing environment.
Kyanjin Gompa, at approximately 3,900 meters, is one of the most important locations on the Langsisa Ri expedition.
It is surrounded by spectacular Himalayan peaks and provides an excellent setting for acclimatization, exploration, equipment checks and preparation for the next stage.
Kyanjin is also culturally significant. The Langtang region has strong Tibetan Buddhist influences, and visitors can see prayer flags, Buddhist traditions and mountain communities whose lifestyles are closely connected with the surrounding environment.
The source information lists several guest houses around Kyanjin Gompa, including Yeti Guest House and Namaste Guest House.
Before moving toward Langshisha Kharka and base camp, the climbing team can use time around Kyanjin for acclimatization and preparation. Depending on the expedition schedule, additional acclimatization hikes may be incorporated.
A visit to the Kyanjin Cheese Factory is one of the cultural and local highlights of the Langtang journey.
The cheese factory provides visitors with an opportunity to see a local mountain food-production tradition and purchase locally produced cheese. For climbers, it also provides a pleasant cultural experience before entering the remote climbing section.
The Langtang Valley combines natural beauty with local traditions, making the approach journey considerably more than simply a walk toward the mountain.
One of the popular acclimatization options from Kyanjin Gompa is Tsergo Ri, approximately 4,784m.
A hike to Tsergo Ri can provide magnificent views of the surrounding mountains and offers an opportunity to spend additional time at altitude before proceeding toward the climbing area.
The panoramic landscape may include views toward Langtang Lirung, Ganja La and surrounding Himalayan peaks.
Acclimatization plans should always be adjusted according to the condition of each climber, weather, route conditions and the expedition leader's assessment. A strong itinerary should not simply maximize altitude gain; it should provide adequate time for the body to adapt.
After acclimatization around Kyanjin Gompa, the expedition continues toward Langshisha Kharka.
Langshisha Kharka is an important part of the journey into the remote section of the Langtang Valley. It is traditionally associated with seasonal livestock grazing and is sometimes described as the last summer pasturing settlement in this direction.
The scenery changes noticeably as the expedition leaves the main trekking area. The landscape becomes increasingly open, rugged and dominated by high mountains, glaciers and snow-covered slopes.
This section provides a genuine wilderness experience and prepares climbers mentally and physically for the more demanding environment around Langsisa Ri Base Camp.
The journey from Langshisha Kharka continues toward Langsisa Ri Base Camp.
According to the supplied source itinerary, the base-camp approach is approximately 5–6 hours of walking and includes climbing preparation and instruction. The climbing guides teach participants practical rope skills, including rope handling, ascending and descending techniques and related procedures.
Base Camp becomes the operational center for the climbing phase.
Here the expedition team can:
The exact climbing schedule should remain flexible because mountain weather and snow conditions can change rapidly.
Langsisa Ri is presented as a Mountaineering Grade IV expedition peak. This classification indicates that climbers should be prepared for serious high-altitude terrain and technical climbing rather than treating the mountain as a simple hiking objective.
The supplied mountaineering grading information explains that difficulty can be evaluated according to factors such as the length of the trek, altitude, daily elevation gain and loss, weather, remoteness, rock and ice climbing, glacier complexity, steep snow and ice slopes, technical difficulty, commitment and availability of bivouac sites.
Conditions on the mountain can vary considerably between seasons and years. Therefore, the actual technical demands encountered by an expedition can depend on snowpack, ice conditions, weather and route conditions.
Climbers should be prepared to use:
Langsisa Ri is not intended for someone with no previous mountain experience who simply wants to try a 6,000-meter summit without preparation.
Participants should be comfortable learning and applying essential mountaineering skills.
Important skills include:
The ice axe is an essential piece of equipment for movement and security on snow and ice. Climbers should understand basic axe handling, self-arrest principles and safe movement on steep terrain.
Crampons must fit the climbing boots correctly. Climbers should be comfortable walking on snow and ice using appropriate crampon techniques.
Climbers should understand rope management, knots, belaying, clipping into fixed lines and maintaining safe spacing.
An ascender may be required when climbing fixed ropes. Climbers should know how to attach and operate their ascender efficiently.
Descending steep sections may require rappelling. Climbers should be trained in safe rappel procedures before entering technical terrain.
Glaciated terrain can contain crevasses, unstable snow bridges and other hazards. Climbers must follow the instructions of the expedition leader and climbing Sherpa.
Professional climbing leadership is one of the most important elements of a successful Himalayan expedition.
Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks provides experienced local mountain guides and Sherpa support according to the requirements of the expedition. The supplied source describes climbing guides as professionals with extensive mountaineering experience, knowledge of local culture and practical expertise in rock, ice and snow climbing, high-altitude camp logistics, fixed ropes, belaying, safety systems, oxygen systems and high-altitude nutrition.
A professional climbing guide can assist with:
Additional personal Sherpa or mountain-guide support can also be arranged for climbers who want more individual assistance.
Acclimatization is fundamental to a 6,427-meter expedition.
The body needs time to adjust to decreasing atmospheric pressure as altitude increases. A carefully designed expedition therefore avoids rushing from the lowlands directly into extreme altitude.
The Langtang approach naturally provides several opportunities to gain altitude progressively. Kyanjin Gompa provides an important acclimatization point, while hikes such as Tsergo Ri can provide additional altitude exposure.
Additional acclimatization days can be added according to the group's experience, physical condition and schedule. Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks can customize the itinerary when clients prefer a more gradual acclimatization program.
The supplied guidance recommends gradual ascent, adequate hydration and proper acclimatization, while emphasizing awareness of altitude-sickness symptoms such as headache and nausea.
The principal climbing seasons are:
Spring is one of the major Himalayan climbing periods. The season generally offers suitable opportunities for trekking and climbing, although conditions at high elevation remain unpredictable.
March can be colder, while April and May often form the core spring climbing period.
Autumn follows the monsoon season and is another important period for Himalayan trekking and climbing. September can still experience changing conditions following the monsoon, while October and November are traditionally popular mountain-travel months.
The source identifies March–May and September–November as the optimal seasons for the expedition.
Even during the best seasons, summit conditions cannot be guaranteed. Weather, snow, wind and route conditions must be assessed continuously.
Nepal has major climatic variations because of its dramatic elevation range. At high Himalayan elevations, conditions can become extremely cold, windy and unpredictable.
The supplied source notes that mountain regions experience alpine to Arctic conditions, with severe winter cold and temperatures at high passes and base camps potentially falling below -20°C.
For this reason, climbers should bring appropriate expedition clothing and sleeping systems.
Weather can affect:
A flexible itinerary is therefore strongly recommended.
Accommodation changes as the team moves from Kathmandu into increasingly remote terrain.
During the lower trekking section, climbers stay in hotels and mountain lodges. Guest houses are available at places such as Syabrubesi, Lama Hotel, Langtang Village and Kyanjin Gompa.
The supplied accommodation information describes single or twin-sharing rooms, wooden beds, mattresses and blankets, while noting that toilet facilities are often shared and hot showers may be available at additional cost. At higher elevations, hot water becomes limited.
Once the expedition reaches areas without lodge facilities, tented camping becomes necessary.
Camping arrangements can include:
Camping is an essential component of climbing expeditions in remote Himalayan areas where teahouses are unavailable.
During the trekking section, meals are generally available at mountain lodges and guest houses.
Typical trekking meals can include local and international-style dishes, with options depending on the lodge and location. During the camping section, meals are prepared by the expedition kitchen team.
High-altitude food should provide adequate energy for long days of trekking and climbing. Climbers may also bring personal snacks such as chocolate, energy bars and preferred lightweight foods.
The supplied checklist specifically recommends personal snack food for climbers who want additional energy or familiar foods during the expedition.
Access to safe drinking water becomes increasingly important as the expedition moves into remote terrain.
Climbers should drink adequate fluids and use boiled, filtered or otherwise treated water. The supplied health guidance specifically recommends consuming only boiled, filtered or bottled water.
Water-treatment tablets or other purification systems should form part of a climber's personal equipment.
Two wide-mouth water bottles are recommended in the supplied checklist, and an insulated bottle can be useful during cold mornings.
A serious 6,427-meter expedition requires appropriate mountaineering equipment.
Bring a suitable lightweight climbing axe with a reliable pick for snow and hard glacier ice. A leash may be useful depending on the climbing technique and terrain.
Double climbing boots with appropriate expedition liners are recommended. Crampons must be compatible with the boots.
Crampons should be sharp, properly maintained and securely fitted to the climbing boots.
A properly fitted climbing harness with functional buckles and gear loops is essential.
A mountaineering helmet should fit comfortably with a warm hat underneath.
Climbers should carry suitable locking and non-locking carabiners, slings and accessory cords. The climbing team may also use ice screws and other technical hardware depending on the route.
A handled ascender and appropriate rappel system can be required for fixed-rope climbing and descent.
The supplied equipment checklist includes these technical items and emphasizes that guides may carry shared technical equipment such as ice tools, ice screws, carabiners and slings.
Clothing should be organized around a layering system.
Recommended categories include:
The supplied checklist recommends a waterproof breathable jacket, warm down insulation, shell trousers, fleece or soft-shell mid-layers and suitable gloves and mittens.
A high-quality sleeping bag is important for the expedition.
The supplied equipment list recommends a sleeping bag rated around -20°C for trekking, while a colder-rated bag around -30°C is suggested for climbing and tented camps, depending on conditions.
A warm sleeping bag can make a major difference in comfort and recovery during high-altitude camping.
Other useful items include:
Comprehensive travel insurance is essential for an expedition of this nature.
The supplied information states that expedition insurance should cover:
Proof of insurance should be provided before departure.
Climbers should carefully read the policy conditions and ensure that the insurer covers high-altitude mountaineering and the maximum altitude of the expedition. Standard travel insurance may not automatically cover technical climbing.
Emergency planning is particularly important because remote mountain areas have limited immediate medical facilities.
Mobile and internet services are available in many parts of Nepal, but connectivity becomes less reliable in remote Himalayan areas.
The supplied source identifies Nepal Telecom and private providers such as Ncell as communication options and notes that SIM cards can be obtained in Kathmandu and other locations.
Communication availability around remote camps can vary according to location, network coverage, weather and local infrastructure.
Expedition leaders should establish a communication plan before moving into remote climbing terrain.
Climbing peaks in Nepal require the appropriate authorization and expedition arrangements.
The supplied source states that climbers seeking to climb peaks listed under the applicable Nepal Mountaineering Association regulations must obtain permission, with climbing permission issued for a specified period and extensions possible when necessary.
Permit requirements and applicable fees should be confirmed for the planned climbing season and specific expedition before departure because government and association regulations can change.
Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks can assist with the required expedition documentation and logistics.
Langsisa Ri lies in the Langtang National Park region, making environmental responsibility particularly important.
A responsible expedition should minimize waste, respect local communities and avoid unnecessary environmental impact.
Our responsible tourism approach includes:
The supplied source specifically emphasizes environmental protection, cultural respect, community support and fair treatment of staff and porters.
Walk through one of Nepal's beautiful Himalayan valleys, surrounded by dramatic mountains and traditional settlements.
Experience the high mountain settlement at approximately 3,900m and use it as an important acclimatization and preparation point.
Enjoy a high-altitude acclimatization hike and panoramic Himalayan scenery.
Explore the remote seasonal grazing area and continue deeper into the mountain wilderness.
Experience snow, ice, ropes, crampons and high-altitude mountaineering.
Views may include Langtang Lirung, Shishapangma, Dorje Lakpa, Ganesh Himal, Naya Kanga and Yala Peak.
Experience monasteries, prayer flags, traditional villages and the cultural heritage of the Langtang region.
The upper expedition takes climbers away from the more developed trekking areas and into a quieter alpine environment.
Langsisa Ri can be combined with additional trekking experiences if time permits.
Depending on the route, season, weather and group preference, the expedition may be extended with:
The supplied source specifically mentions the possibility of extending the journey toward Ganja La and Helambu or combining it with Gosaikunda/Helambu trekking.
Every climbing team has different experience levels, objectives and schedules. Therefore, Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks can customize the expedition according to the group.
Possible customized options include:
Extra acclimatization days can be added before climbing to improve the gradual altitude transition.
Climbers who want additional preparation can include rock- and ice-climbing training before the main summit attempt.
An additional personal Sherpa or mountain guide can be arranged for climbers who prefer individual assistance.
Helicopter transportation can be considered for suitable sections of the journey, subject to weather, operational availability and applicable regulations. The source notes that helicopter transportation costs depend on group size, shared or private arrangements.
Mountain expeditions require flexibility. Weather and route conditions may require changes to the planned schedule.
Langsisa Ri is best suited to climbers who already have some mountain experience and are prepared for a serious high-altitude environment.
A suitable participant should ideally have:
Previous 6,000-meter climbing experience can be valuable, although suitability ultimately depends on the individual's technical ability, fitness, experience and preparation.
Safety remains the highest priority during the expedition.
Climbers should understand the symptoms of altitude-related illness and immediately communicate concerns to the guide.
Potential warning symptoms can include:
The supplied health guidance emphasizes gradual ascent, hydration, acclimatization and descent when serious symptoms develop.
Our guides monitor the team throughout the expedition, but every climber is responsible for communicating symptoms honestly and promptly.
Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks focuses on providing organized and personalized Himalayan trekking and climbing services for international and domestic adventurers.
For Langsisa Ri, our expedition support can include:
The exact package and cost depend on group size, itinerary duration, climbing support requirements, accommodation preferences, transportation and additional services.
Langsisa Ri is approximately 6,427 meters above sea level.
It is located in the northern part of Nepal in the Langtang region, within Langtang National Park.
The supplied information classifies the route as Mountaineering Grade IV, so climbers should prepare for technical and serious high-altitude climbing.
Previous mountaineering experience is strongly recommended. Climbers should be comfortable learning and using crampons, ice axe, ropes and other technical equipment.
The main seasons identified are spring, March to May, and autumn, September to November.
The expedition normally begins with an overland journey from Kathmandu to Syabrubesi by bus, shared jeep or private 4WD.
The supplied transportation information gives approximately 5–7 hours, depending on road and traffic conditions.
Accommodation is available in hotels and mountain lodges during the lower trekking sections.
Camping becomes necessary in remote sections where lodge accommodation is unavailable, including the expedition base-camp area.
Kyanjin Gompa is approximately 3,900 meters.
Yes, Tsergo Ri can be included as an acclimatization and sightseeing hike depending on the expedition schedule and weather.
The expedition offers views toward Langtang Lirung, Shishapangma, Dorje Lakpa, Ganesh Himal, Naya Kanga and Yala Peak.
Yes. An appropriate mountaineering ice axe is part of the recommended climbing equipment.
For the technical climbing environment, suitable crampons are essential.
Yes. A properly fitted climbing helmet should be included in the personal equipment.
Yes. A warm expedition sleeping bag is required, particularly during high-altitude camping.
Comprehensive insurance covering emergency helicopter rescue, medical expenses, cancellation and interruption is required according to the supplied expedition information.
Yes. Additional acclimatization, training, Sherpa support, helicopter options and flexible scheduling can be arranged according to requirements.
Depending on conditions and available time, the journey can be extended toward Ganja La, Helambu or Gosaikunda.
No mountain summit can be guaranteed. Weather, route conditions, health, snow and safety considerations determine whether a summit attempt is appropriate.
A successful Langsisa Ri expedition begins long before arriving in Nepal.
Climbers should prepare through regular cardiovascular exercise, strength training, hiking with a backpack and, where possible, technical climbing practice. Familiarity with crampons, ice axe, ropes, ascenders and rappelling systems is particularly valuable.
Equipment should be checked before leaving Kathmandu. Boots and crampons must fit correctly, clothing should be tested, batteries should be prepared and personal medications should be packed.
The supplied checklist recommends a comprehensive collection of mountaineering and trekking equipment, including technical climbing gear, warm clothing, sleeping equipment, headlamp, water bottles, eyewear, first-aid supplies and personal documents.
Langsisa Ri (6,427m) offers an extraordinary Himalayan experience for climbers looking for a challenging combination of trekking, alpine landscapes, technical climbing and remote mountain adventure.
From the scenic drive to Syabrubesi and the beautiful trails of the Langtang Valley to the traditional villages, Kyanjin Gompa, Tsergo Ri, Langshisha Kharka and the remote base-camp environment, every stage contributes to the expedition experience.
The mountain itself demands respect. Its Mountaineering Grade IV classification, high elevation, changing weather and technical terrain mean that preparation, acclimatization, suitable equipment and experienced mountain leadership are essential.
At Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks, we can tailor the Langsisa Ri expedition for individuals, couples, small climbing teams and groups. We can arrange experienced local climbing guides and Sherpa support, transportation, accommodation, camping, meals, permits, acclimatization days and additional services according to your requirements.
Whether you are an experienced mountaineer seeking a challenging 6,000-meter Himalayan objective or an expedition team looking for a professionally organized Langtang climbing adventure, Langsisa Ri provides an opportunity to explore one of Nepal's remarkable high-mountain environments while experiencing the natural and cultural richness of the Langtang region.
Contact Himalayan Adventure Intl Treks for the latest Langsisa Ri itinerary, climbing package, permit information, current costs and customized expedition arrangements.
